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Tuesday, June 6, 2023

500 Core Italian Phrases for On a regular basis Conversations (Prime 500 Most Used Italian Phrases)



What if you happen to may perceive Italian conversations by solely studying 500 of essentially the most used Italian phrases?

The Italian language is made up of a whole lot of 1000’s of phrases – whereas it’s onerous to pin down a selected quantity, some linguists have estimated it to be between 160,000 and 260,000!

In case you’re studying Italian, I can already see the concern in your eyes: how is somebody speculated to be taught 260,000 phrases in a international language?

Don’t fear! I’m Italian myself, and whereas I prefer to be taught phrases, I can guarantee you that Italians themselves use solely round 7,000 phrases all through their lifetimes, and normally solely about 1,000 of their every day routine.

So who says that with 500 phrases and a few enthusiasm, you wouldn’t have the ability to perceive what’s happening in conversations?

Pss: If you wish to impress Italians in conversations much more, take a look at these on a regular basis sayings you should use:

The 100 Most Used Italian Nouns (+ 20 Extra Nouns You Must Know)

Together with verbs (which I’ll come to in a second), nouns are crucial phrases to be taught in a international language. Saying “starvation” or “apple” if you’re hungry, will make your level come throughout significantly better than saying “this” or “pink”.

You won’t make Italian lecturers proud, however a minimum of you’ll fill your abdomen.

Essentially the most used Italian phrase is arguably cosa, which interprets in some ways in English – together with “what”, “factor”, and “matter” – relying on its inflection, grammatical operate, or the general context of the sentence.

Examples:

  • Dammi la cosa rossa. – “Give me the pink factor.” On this sentence, cosa is a female, singular noun translated as “factor”.
  • Cosa vuoi? – “What would you like?” Right here, cosa is the pronoun “what”.
  • Me ne ha parlato coso. – “What’s-his-name advised me about it.” Even whether it is extremely casual and considerably disdainful, you should use coso to switch a person’s title while you don’t bear in mind it.
  • Spiegami come funziona questo coso. – “Educate me how this factor works.” Coso as a masculine, singular noun additionally means “factor”, nonetheless, it’s way more casual than cosa. Having the ability to differentiate between when to make use of coso or cosa is especially a matter of follow. Within the meantime, attempt to keep away from coso as a lot as attainable.
  • Hai troppe cose. – “You’ve gotten too many issues.” Cose can imply each “issues” and “issues”, and on this sentence, it’s the previous.
  • In Eros Ramazzotti’s music Cose Della Vitacose means “issues”, so the total title interprets as “Issues of Life”.

Figuring out these are just a few methods to make use of cosa/o/e/i in a dialog, you possibly can perceive why it comes first within the checklist of most incessantly used Italian nouns. By studying it, you’d have the ability to vaguely say a minimum of half of what you need.

However let’s put jokes apart. Even whether it is tempting to deal with a complete language with solely a phrase, it’s not very reasonable.

Listed here are the 99 nouns that pop up essentially the most incessantly in Italian conversations moreover cosa. I additionally included some further phrases which can be necessary to be taught despite the fact that they aren’t among the many most incessantly used.

Associated studying: [How to Form Plural Nouns in Italian – An Extensive Guide With Examples

  • casa – “house” or ”home”
  • paese – “country” or “town”
  • mondo – “world”
  • città – “city”
  • strada – “road”
  • piazza – “square”
  • sala – “room”
  • ufficio – “office”
  • zona – “zone”
  • isola – “island”

Additional word: posto – “place”

  • anno – “year”
  • giorno – “day”
  • volta – “time” in the sense of “occasion”
  • tempo – “time”
  • ora – “hour”
  • momento – “moment”
  • notte – “night”
  • sera – “evening”
  • mese – “month”
  • periodo – “period” or “interval”

Additional words:

  • ieri – “yesterday”
  • oggi – “today”
  • domani – “tomorrow”
  • minuto – “minute”
  • uomo – “man”
  • donna – “woman”
  • signore/a – “sir”/“madam” or “man”/“woman”. Signore with a capital ‘s’ is used as another way to say “Dio” (“God”).
  • padre – “father”
  • figlio/a – “son”/“daughter”
  • persona – “person”
  • gente – “people”
  • amico/a – “friend”
  • famiglia – “family”
  • nemico/a – “enemy”
  • sorella – “sister”

Additional word: madre – “mother”

  • acqua – “water”
  • aria – “air”
  • mare – “sea”
  • luce – “light”
  • sole – “sun”
  • albero – “tree”
  • fiore – “flower”
  • natura – “nature”
  • fuoco – “fire”
  • campagna – “(the) country”

Additional words:

  • terra – “land” or “ground”, “Earth” when it is written with a capital “T”.
  • vento – “wind”
  • vita – “life”
  • mano – “hand”
  • occhio – “eye”
  • parte – “part”
  • voce – “voice”
  • piede – “foot”
  • testa – “head”
  • mente – “mind”

Additional words:

  • bocca – “mouth”
  • gamba – “leg”
  • braccio – “arm”

50 Other Frequently Used Italian Nouns (+ Ten Additional Italian Nouns)

  • modo – “manner” or “way”
  • parola – “word”
  • punto – “dot”, “period”, or “moment”
  • lavoro – “job” or “work”
  • stato – “state”
  • caso – “case” or “coincidence”
  • guerra – “war”
  • nome – “name”
  • fatto – “fact”
  • amore – “love”
  • storia – “story” or “history”, occasionally “lies”, “fuss”, and “business” in informal conversations
  • forza – “strength”
  • ragione – “reason”
  • via – “street” or “road”
  • capo – “boss” or “head”
  • specie – “species” or “kind”
  • governo – “government”
  • senso – “sense”
  • opera – “work” or “opera”
  • prodotto – “product”
  • festa – “party”
  • gioco – “game”
  • prova – “test” or “trial”
  • misura – “measure”
  • posizione – “position”
  • successo – “success”
  • vista – “sight”
  • libertà – “freedom”
  • risultato – “result”
  • importanza – “importance”
  • dubbio – “doubt”
  • ricerca – “research”
  • figura – “figure” or “image”
  • questione – “matter” or “issue”
  • pena – “pain”, “sentence”, or “pity”
  • motivo – “motive”
  • esperienza – “experience”
  • ricordo – “memory” or “souvenir”
  • politica – “politics”
  • processo – “process”
  • vino – “wine”
  • porta – “door”
  • sud – “south”
  • sogno – “dream”
  • cane – “dog”
  • movimento – “movement”
  • occasione – “occasion”
  • prezzo – “price”
  • causa – “cause”
  • sviluppo – “development”

Additional words:

  • fame – “hunger”
  • sete – “thirst”
  • niente – “nothing”
  • qualcosa – “something”
  • aiuto – “help”
  • errore – “mistake”
  • domanda – “question”
  • risposta – “answer”
  • macchina – “car”
  • aereo – “plane”

Here’s an infographic you can keep at hand with the most important out of those 100 nouns:

The 100 Most Used Italian Verbs

Verbs are all about action – doing things. That could be running, cooking, sleeping, whatever. If you (or someone else, or something else) is doing something, there’s a verb involved. You’ll find a verb in every Italian sentence, so it’s important that you know them.

Learning 100 of the most used Italian verbs will allow you to understand way more conversations than you might think.

Related learning: Imperfect Italian Tense: Easy Language Hacks to Use It Like a Pro!

The 2 Italian Auxiliary Verbs

Before we dive into the full list of most common Italian verbs, let’s take a good look at the Italian auxiliay verbs, essere (“to be”) and avere (“to have”). I’ll come to why these matter in just a moment.

Essere

  • (io) sono – “I am”
  • (tu) sei – “you are”
  • (egli/essa/esso) è – “he/she/it is”
  • (noi) siamo – “we are”
  • (voi) siete – “you (all) are”
  • (essi/esse) sono – “they are”

Avere

  • (io) ho – “I have”
  • (tu) hai – “you have”
  • (egli/essa/esso) ha – “he/she/it has”
  • (noi) abbiamo – “we have”
  • (voi) avete – “you (all)” have”
  • (essi/esse) hanno – “they have”

Not only are the verbi ausiliari (“auxiliaries”) useful for making up composed tenses, but many verbal phrases that in English start with “to be” use avere as their core.

Examples:

  • avere sonno – “to be sleepy”
  • avere fame – “to be hungry”
  • avere ragione – “to be right”

By using avere + noun, you can even sometimes replace other verbs: avere voglia can replace volere (“to want”).

Top 10 Most Frequently Used Italian Verbs

Besides the auxiliaries, there are 10 other most frequently used Italian verbs:

  • fare – “to do”
  • dire – “to say”
  • potere – “can” or “to be able to”
  • volere – “to want”
  • sapere – “to know”
  • stare – “to stay”
  • dovere – “to must” or “to have to”
  • vedere – “to see”
  • andare – “to go”
  • venire – “to come”

I’ve divided the next 88 most used Italian verbs into three lists, depending on the group of verbs they belong to.

The 34 Most Used Italian Verbs in the First Group: -are

  • dare – “to give”
  • parlare – “to speak”
  • trovare – “to find”
  • lasciare – “to let go” or “to leave”
  • guardare – “to watch”
  • pensare – “to think”
  • passare – “to pass”, “to move”, or “to hand”
  • portare – “to bring”
  • tornare – “to come back”
  • sembrare – “to seem” or “to look like”
  • chiamare – “to call”
  • cercare – “to look for” or “to search for”
  • entrare – “to enter”
  • ricordare – “to remember”
  • aspettare – “to wait”
  • arrivare – “to arrive”
  • diventare – “to become”
  • mangiare – “to eat”
  • camminare – “to walk”
  • toccare – “to touch”
  • considerare – “to consider”
  • mandare – “to send”
  • domandare – “to ask”
  • ascoltare – “to listen”
  • osservare – “to observe”
  • spiegare – “to explain”
  • mostrare – “to show”
  • significare – “to mean”
  • desiderare – “to wish”
  • giudicare – “to judge”
  • avvicinare – “to move closer” or “to approach”
  • ordinare – “to organize”, “to tidy up”, or “to order”
  • invitare – “to invite”
  • sbagliare – “to make a mistake”, “to miss”, or “to be mistaken”

The 33 Most Used Italian Verbs in the Second Group: -ere-arre-orre, or -urre

  • prendere – “to take”
  • mettere – “to put”
  • credere – “to believe”
  • vivere – “to live”
  • parere – “to seem”, “to appear”, “to believe” or “to think”
  • tenere – “to keep” or “to grip”
  • rispondere – “to answer”
  • chiudere – “to close” or “to end”
  • bere – “to drink”
  • raggiungere – “to reach”
  • comprendere – “to understand” or “to comprehend”
  • scendere – “to get off” or “to go down”
  • compiere – “to accomplish”, “to complete”, or “to carry out”
  • muovere – “to move”
  • conoscere – “to know”
  • chiedere – “to ask”
  • stringere – “to tighten”
  • decidere – “to decide”
  • ricevere – “to receive”
  • permettere – “to allow”
  • raccogliere – “to pick up”
  • ottenere – “to obtain”
  • ammettere – “to admit”
  • vendere – “to sell”
  • distinguere – “to distinguish” or “to recognize”
  • offendere – “to offend”
  • rimettere – “to replace” or “to refer”
  • rompere – “to break”
  • godere – “to enjoy”
  • imporre – “to impose”
  • produrre – “to produce”
  • discutere – “to discuss” or “to argue”
  • prevedere – “to foresee”
  • spegnere – “to turn off” or “to put out”

The 21 Most Used Italian Verbs in the Third Group -ire

  • sentire – “to feel” or “to hear”
  • capire – “to understand”
  • morire – “to die”
  • aprire – “to open”
  • uscire – “to go out”
  • riuscire – “to succeed”
  • finire – “to end” or “to finish”
  • scrivere – “to write”
  • dormire – “to sleep”
  • avvenire – “to happen” or “to take place”
  • offrire – “to offer”
  • fuggire – “to flee”
  • riferire – “to refer”
  • impedire – “to prevent” or “to forbid”
  • divertire – “to entertain” or “to amuse”
  • fornire – “to provide”
  • riempire – “to fill”
  • scoprire – “to discover”
  • partire – “to leave” or “to depart”
  • unire – “to unite”
  • colpire – “to hit”

If this seems like a lot to learn, let me reassure you: it only takes some motivation and an open mind. You’re already familiar with many of these words!

Take unire for example. Doesn’t it look awfully similar to its English translation, “to unite”?

And for the learning process, there are many useful techniques to help you memorize them quickly. Have a listen to this episode of the Language Hacking Podcast, in which Benny Lewis explains how to create your own immersion environment at home:

198 Frequently Used Italian Adjectives and Adverbs

Sometimes nouns and verbs on their own can’t convey a message clearly enough, and that’s when adjectives and adverbs come in handy.

These 198 frequently used Italian adjectives and adverbs will make your Italian much more colourful and bring your Italian to life.

The 8 Italian Possessive Adjectives

  • mio (mia/miei/mie) – “mine”
  • tuo (tua/tuoi/tue) – “yours” (singular second person)
  • suo (sua/suoi/sue) – “his” or “hers”
  • nostro (nostra/nostri/nostre) – “ours”
  • vostro (vostra/vostri/vostre) – “yours” (plural second person)
  • loro – “theirs”

Unlike in English, possessive adjectives in Italian have to agree with the noun that is possessed, and not the possessor, in genre and number.

Examples:

  • Il mio albero – “my tree”
  • La tua famiglia – “your family”
  • suoi amici – “his friends”
  • Le nostre mani – “our hands”

Note: Loro is an exception as it always remains the same, no matter the noun to which it refers.

Examples:

  • I loro piedi – “their feet”
  • La loro vita – “their life”
  • Le loro parole – “their words”

There are two additional Italian possessive adjectives which don’t have evident equivalents in English:

  • proprio (a/i/e) – “his own”/“her own”/“their own”

When proprio is a possessive adjective, it is used instead of suo/a and loro and only when it refers to something that belongs to the subject of the sentence: Ognuno porta il proprio cuaderno. (“Everyone brings their own notebook.”)

  • altrui – “of others”/“of someone else”

Altrui is used when the noun to which it refers belongs to an indefinite person: le cose altrui (“other people’s things”).

Unlike proprioaltrui does not change depending on the genre and number of the noun it refers to.

8 Italian Indefinite Adjectives

Words we use on a daily basis like tutto/a/i/e (“all”), troppo/a/i/e (“too much/many”), and altro/a/i/e (“other”) are indefinite adjectives. They describe nouns in a non-specific sense: devo parlare ad altre persone (“I need to talk to other people”).

  • tutto/a – “all”
  • poco/a – “little”
  • alcuno/a – “not any”, “no”, or “some”
  • ogni – “each”
  • qualsiasi – “any”
  • qualche – “some” or “a few”
  • altro/a – “other” or “different”

62 Italian Adjectives of Number

In Italian, the principal types of adjectives of number include the numeri cardinali (“cardinal numbers”), numeri ordinali (“ordinal numbers”), numeri moltiplicativi (“multiplicative numbers”) and numeri frazionari (“fractional numbers”).

The terms might sound intimidating, but they are actually very simple.

31 Italian Cardinal Numbers:

  • uno/a – “one”
  • due – “two”
  • tre – “three”
  • quattro – “four”
  • cinque – “five”
  • sei – “six”
  • sette – “seven”
  • otto – “eight”
  • nove – “nine”
  • dieci – “ten”
  • undici – “eleven”
  • dodici – “twelve”
  • tredici – “thirteen”
  • quattordici – “fourteen”
  • quindici – “fifteen”
  • sedici – “sixteen”
  • diciassette – “seventeen”
  • diciotto – “eighteen”
  • diciannove – “nineteen”
  • venti – “twenti”
  • trenta – “thirty”
  • quaranta – “fourty”
  • cinquanta – “fifty”
  • sessanta – “sixty”
  • settanta – “seventy”
  • ottanta – “eighty”
  • novanta – “ninety”
  • cento – “hundred” or “a hundred”
  • mille – “thousand” or “a thousand”
  • millione – “million”
  • milliardo – “billion”

You can form other cardinal numbers by combining some of these 31 words, such as trentuno (“thirty-one”) or duecentocinquantotto (“two hundred fifty-eight”).

The 13 Main Italian Ordinal Numbers:

  • primo/a – “first”
  • secondo/a – “second”
  • terzo/a – “third”
  • quarto/a – “fourth”
  • quinto/a – “fifth”
  • sesto/a – “sixth”
  • ottavo – “eighth”
  • nono – “ninth”
  • decimo – “tenth”
  • centesimo – “hundredth”
  • millesimo – “thousandth”

Note: ultimo is “last”.

The 6 Main Italian Multiplicative Numbers:

  • doppio/a – “double”
  • triplo/a/triplice – “triple”
  • quadruplo/a/quadruplice – “quadruple”
  • quintuplo/a/quintuplice – “quintuple”
  • decuplo/a/decuplice – “tenfold”
  • centuplo/a/centuplice – “a hundred times as much”

The 12 Main Italian Fractional Numbers:

  • mezzo/a/metà – “half”
  • un terzo – “one third”
  • un quarto – “one fourth”
  • un quinto – “one fifth”
  • un sesto – “one sixth”
  • un settimo – “one seventh”
  • un ottavo – “one eighth”
  • un nono – “one ninth”
  • un decimo – “one tenth”
  • un centesimo – “one hundredth”
  • un millesimo – “one thousandth”

50 of the Most Frequently Used Italian Adjectives

Some adjectives make it possible to describe the way something appears, where it is from, or the feelings it inspires. For example, I remember when seeing the Altare della Pace in Rome, I thought it was monumentale (“monumental”).

Here are 50 of the most frequently used Italian adjectives to help you do just so.

  • grande – “big”
  • stesso/a – “same”
  • bello/a – “beautiful” or “gorgeous”
  • nuovo/a – “new”
  • certo/a – “sure” or “certain”
  • vero/a – “true”
  • buono/a – “good”
  • italiano/a – “Italian”
  • vecchio/a – “old”
  • piccolo/a – “small”
  • giovane – “young”
  • alto/a – “tall”
  • diverso/a – “different”
  • lungo/a – “long”
  • povero/a – “poor”
  • maggiore– “greater”, “elder”, or “older
  • possibile – “possible”
  • caro/a – “expensive” or “dear”
  • pieno/a – “full”
  • nero/a – “black”
  • particolare – “specific” or “unique”
  • bianco/a – “white”
  • attuale – “current”
  • latino/a – “Latin”
  • impossibile – “impossible”
  • sereno/a – “serene” or “sunny”
  • puro/a – “pure”
  • normale – “normal”
  • perfetto/a – “perfect”
  • caratteristico/a – “characteristic”
  • russo/a – “Russian”
  • continuo/a – “continuous”
  • stupido/a – “stupid”
  • estremo/a – “extreme”
  • grigio/a – “gray”
  • reale – “real”
  • interessante – “interesting”
  • medesimo/a – “same”
  • religioso/a – “religious”
  • ampio/a – “wide”
  • biondo/a – “blonde”
  • ufficiale – “official”
  • attento – “attentive” or “alert”
  • enorme – “enormous”
  • sottile – “thin”
  • triste – “sad”
  • minimo – “smallest”, “slightest”, or “minimal”
  • privato/a – “private”
  • rapido/a – “fast”
  • diretto/a – “direct”

23 Italian Adverbs Derived from Adjectives

While adjectives mainly describe nouns, adverbs tend to modify, well… verbs. If you need an adverb but know only the adjective that explains the concept, chances are you will be able to build the adverb following the following rules.

In English, we sometimes add the suffix -ly to an adjective to turn it into an adverb. In Italian, the process is similar.

With adjectives that end in -o: Add -mente to the feminine form of the adjective.

Examples:

  • veramente – “truly”, “really”, or “actually”
  • francamente – “frankly”
  • esattamente – “exactly”
  • sinceramente – “sincerely”
  • profondamente – “deeply” or “profoundly”
  • certamente – “certainly”
  • improvvisamente – “suddenly”
  • chiaramente – “clearly”
  • direttamente – “directly”
  • raramente – “rarely”
  • altamente – “highly”

With adjectives that end in -e: Sometimes, you have to remove the -e and add -mente

Examples:

  • specialmente – “especially”
  • particolarmente – “particularly”
  • talmente – “so much” or “to such an extent”
  • cordialmente – “cordially”
  • abitualmente – “usually”
  • finalmente – “finally”
  • probabilmente – “probably”
  • eventualmente – “possibly”

Other times, you simply add -mente at the end of the word.

Examples:

  • velocemente – “quickly”
  • semplicemente – “simply”
  • recentemente – “recently”
  • fortemente – “strongly”

Practice is your best ally to differentiate when to do what with adjectives ending in -e.

Now let’s explore the realm of Italian adverbs that do not derive from adjectives.

12 Italian Adverbs of Place

  • fuori – “outside”
  • dentro – “inside”
  • sotto – “under” or “below”
  • davanti – “in front”
  • dietro – “behind” or “back”
  • qui – “here”, precise location
  • qua – “here”, imprecise location
  •  – “there”, precise location
  •  – “there”, imprecise location
  • via – “away”
  • lontano – “far”
  • vicino – “close”

11 Italian Adverbs of Quantity

  • più – “more”
  • meno – “less”
  • solo – “only”
  • tanto – “more” or “very much”
  • quasi – “almost”
  • poco – “little”
  • parecchio – “quite a lot” or “much”
  • abbastanza – “quite” or “enough”
  • almeno – “at least”
  • circa – “about” or “around”
  • per nulla – “at all”

11 Italian Adverbs of Time

  • poi – “then”
  • adesso – “now”
  • sempre – “always” or “forever”
  • mai – “never” or “never”
  • prima – “before”
  • subito – “immediately”
  • dopo – “after”
  • durante – “during”
  • ancora – “again” or “still”
  • presto – “soon”, “early”, or “rapidly”
  • già – “before” or “already”

8 Italian Adverbs of Manner

  • bene/ben – “well”
  • male – “bad”
  • forte – “heavily”
  • piano – “slowly” or “quietly”
  • appena – “just” or “only”
  • insieme – “together”
  • volentieri – “gladly” or “willingly”
  • meglio – “better”
  • peggio – “worse”

5 Miscellaneous Italian Adverbs

  • pure – “even”, “also”, or “too”
  • forse – “maybe”
  • piuttosto – “instead” or “rather”
  • inoltre – “moreover”
  • oltretutto – “besides”

The 10 Italian Subject Pronouns

Although these pronouns aren’t usually used in spoken Italian, it’s important to learn the 10 Italian subject pronouns to be able to study Italian conjugation.

  • io – “I”
  • tu – “you” (singular second person)
  • egli, ella, esso, Lei – “he”, “she”, “it”, “you” (formal singular)
  • noi – “us”
  • voi – “you” (plural)
  • essi, esse – “they” masculine, “they” feminine

Note: Egli, ella, esso, essi, esse are even less used than io, tu, Lei, noi, and voi in verbal communication as they sound very formal. Often, they are replaced by lui (for egli), lei (for essa), and loro (for essi, esse), but only colloquially. Using luilei, and loro as subject pronouns is grammatically incorrect, but is done more and more often.

The 10 Italian Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are useful in sentences such as mi lavo (“I wash myself”). They indicate that the person who’s doing the action is also the recipient of the action.

In Italian, the reflexive pronouns are:

  • mi – “myself”
  • ti – “yourself”
  • si – “himself”/“herself”/“itself”/“yourself” (formal)
  • ci – “ourselves”
  • vi – “yourselves”
  • si – “themselves”

20 Core Italian Conjunctions and Connectors

Conjunctions and connectors are, you guessed it, words that help us tie together two parts of a sentence.

In Italian, the most used conjunctions and connectors are:

  • e – “and”
  • anche – “as well”, “also”, or “even”
  • dunque – “so”
  • allora – “so” or “therefore”
  • però – “but”, “yet”, or “however”
  • ma – “but”
  • perché – “because”
  • mentre – “while” or “whereas”
  • contro – “against”
  • invece – “instead”
  • o – “or”
  •  – “neither” or “nor”
  • cioè – “that is (to say)” or “namely”
  • anzi – “instead”, “actually”, or “rather”
  • quindi – “therefore”
  • così – “thus”
  • perciò – “so” or “for this reason”
  • finché – “as long as”
  • nonostante – “although” or “even though”
  • a meno che or a meno che non – “unless”

The 10 Core Italian Prepositions

Prepositions show the relationship between two elements of a sentence. In Italian, the most common ones are:

  • tra – “between”
  • fra – “among”
  • di – “of” or “from”
  • a – “at”, “in”, or “on”
  • da/dal/dalla – “from” or “to”
  • in – “at”, “in”, “to”, or “into”
  • su – “on”, “up”, or “over”
  • per – “for”
  • con – “with”
  • senza – “without”

7 Italian Question Words

Learning a new language conveys a lot of question-asking, which you will be able to face much better by knowing the seven question words in Italian:

  • chi – “who”
  • che – “what” (note: cosa? is also used to ask, “what?”)
  • dove – “where”
  • quando – “when”
  • come – “how”
  • perché – “why” (note: when not used as a question word but as a conjunction, perché means “because”)
  • quale (quali) – “which”

Italians are fans of interjections, those little words that reveal the emotions of the speaker in a spontaneous reaction.

Here are some of the most popular Italian interjections:

  •  – “yes”
  • no – “no” (mind-blowing, I know)
  • toh – “here, have it” or “look” → Example: Toh, chi si vede! (“Look who’s here!”)
  • peccato – “what a shame” (literally “sin”)
  • dai – “come on” (literally “give”)
  • ciao – “hello” and “goodbye”
  • ecco – “here”, “there”, or used to express comprehension → Ecco, lo sapevo! (“There, I knew it!”)

The 7 Italian Definite Articles

Unlike in English, gli articoli determinativi (“definite articles”) agree with the noun they refer to. Therefore, instead of being just one definite article like in English (“the”), there are six of them:

  • il or lo – “the” (masculine singular versions)
  • i or gli – “the” (masculine plural versions)
  • la – “the” (feminine singular version)
  • le – “the” (feminine plural version)
  • l’ – singular “the” placed in front of both masculine and feminine nouns that start with a vowel. It essentially is a contraction of lo and la.

Why are there two versions of the masculine “the”, both plural and singular? The default masculine definite articles are il and i, but they don’t sound good in front of certain combinations of letters. Therefore, lo and gli sometimes replace them.

You can learn the difference through practice, but I’m still leaving the rules here in case you’d like to give them a try (they’re quite easy!).

Lo and gli are used before words that start with:

  • pn-
  • ps-
  • gn-
  • z-
  • x-
  • y-
  • s- followed by a consonant
  • i- followed by a vowel

Gli precedes words that start with a vowel.

The 4 Italian Indefinite Articles

Unlike their definite cousins, gli articoli indeterminativi (“indefinite articles”) in Italian only exist in the singular form. They are the equivalent of the English “a” and “an”.

  • un – “a” or “an” (standard masculine version)
  • uno – “a” (masculine version used in front of words starting z or s followed by a consonant)
  • una – “a” (feminine version in front of consonants)
  • un’ – “an” (feminine version in front of vowels)

The 7 Italian Partitive Articles

Gli articoli partitivi (“partitive articles”) are essential in Italian because they introduce unknown amounts. You could consider them the translation of “some” in sentences such as voglio dell’acqua (“I want some water”) or dammi dei prodotti (“give me some products”).

  • del – “some” (standard masculine singular version)
  • dello – “some” (masculine singular version)
  • della – “some” (feminine singular version in front of consonants)
  • dell’ – “some” (feminine and masculine singular version in front of vowels)
  • dei’ – “some” (masculine plural version)
  • degli’ – “some” (masculine plural version)
  • delle – “some” (feminine plural version)

The same rules that apply to the use of il, lo, i, gli apply to del, dello, dei, degli.

Strengthen Your Italian with the Most Used Italian Words

How do you feel about discovering the 500 core Italian words?

What if, by learning only five words every day, you’d end up being able to have Italian interactions in around three months? Maybe you could participate in the Fluent in 3 Months Bootcamp to keep you motivated. By the end of the 90 days, you’d get to have a 15-minute conversation in Italian and use those 500 words!

You can also enrich your vocabulary by checking out these resources for learning Italian, or some of these articles:

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